Knowledge is of two kinds, deductive and experiential. While the student gets initial guidance and understanding of the subject from the teacher to understand the premises and continue study with his discrimination, experiential knowledge is supposed to be pursued in a different way. Here there is needed an unwavering faith in the teacher, and a determination to follow his word on the path, irrespective of how it sounds to his discriminatory logic. This is a primary difference in the pursuit of sastras and spiritual practice. Thus entire knowledge and religious structure in Hinduism stands on Guru-Sishya parampara. This is the institution that caused uninterrupted flow of knowledge over generations, its growth and spreading
In the Indian religious and philosophical traditions, all knowledge is traced back to the Gods and to the Rishis who saw the vedas. Thus, the advaita guru-paramparā (Lineage of Gurus in Non-dualism) begins with the Daiva-paramparā, followed by the Ṛṣi-paramparā, which includes the vedic seers Vaśiṣṭha, his son Śakti, his son Parāśara, his son Vyāsa, (the famous redactor of the vedas, he is also traditionally identified with Bādarāyaṇa, the composer of the Brahmasūtras), and Vyāsa's son Śuka. After Śuka, we turn to the Mānava-paramparā, which brings us to historical times and personalities.
It is the responsibility of every Guru to ensure that no student is deprived of knowledge where he is eligible and no student gains knowledge that he either does not qualify for or he is not mature enough to handle. After acquiring knowledge from the Guru, the disciple is supposed to repay him for the teaching in the form of Gurudakshina. That does not absolve him of the debt to the Guru. For that to happen he should do two things throughout his life: putting the knowledge to good use and getting good name for the teacher; and imparting and spreading the knowledge by teaching it to subsequent generations of students.
Siva/Vishnu are said to be the first teachers. Veda Vyasa is said to be the first human teacher, who is an incarnation of Vishnu himself. This is the reason his birth day is celebrated in remembrance of Gurus (Vyasa Purnima is called Guru Purnima). Usually, first guru in any lineage sets the goals and broadly gives paths to achieve those. (Lakshya Nirdesa) The subsequent ones define paths that suit the times, in a way that they lead to the goals set by the first teacher and are not in conflict with the philosophy of the tradition (Marga Nirdesa). Guru, the teacher Teacher is accorded highest respect, and is equated to God. Guru is treated with such high respect, because it is believed that he imparts that knowledge which cannot otherwise be gained through merely reading books. Guru is said to be worthy of such respect and unwavering trust of the disciple, since he takes the responsibility for molding the disciple into what he should be. The disciple that follows Guru's word with faith, is supposed to be assured of reaching the goals.
सदाशिवम समारम्भं शंकराचार्य मध्यमम अस्मद आचार्य पर्यन्तं वन्दे गुरु परम्पराम |
Meaning: salutation to the lineage starting with lord Sadasiva, with Adi Sankara in the middle and continuing up to my immediate teacher.
नारायणं समारम्भं व्यास शंकर मध्यमम अस्मद आचार्य पर्यन्तं वन्दे गुरु परम्पराम |
Meaning: salutation to the lineage starting with lord narayana, with Vyasa and Adi Sankara in the middle and continuing up to my immediate teacher.
नारायणं पद्मभुवं वसिष्ठं शक्तिं च तत्पुत्रपराशरं च ।
व्यासं शुकं गौडपदं महान्तं गोविन्दयोगीन्द्रमथास्य शिष्यम् ॥
श्री शंकराचार्यमथास्य पद्मपादं च हस्तामलकं च शिष्यम् ।
तं तोटकं वार्तिककारमन्यानस्मद्गुरून् संततमानतोऽस्मि ॥
शंकरं शंकराचार्यं केशवं बादरायणम् ।
सूत्रभाष्यकृतौ वन्दे भगवन्तौ पुनः पुनः ॥
गुरुर्ब्रह्मा गुरुर्विष्णु गुरुर्देवो महेश्वरः
गुरुर्देव परंब्रह्मः तस्मै श्री गुरवे नमः।
अज्ञानतिमिरांधस्य ज्ञानांजनशलाकया
चक्षुरौन्मीलितं येन तस्मै श्री गुरवे नमः।
अखण्डमण्डलाकारं व्याप्तं येन चराचरं
तदपदं दर्शितं येन तस्मै श्री गुरवे नमः।
https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_shiva/totaka8.html?lang=sa
https://sanskritdocuments.org/sanskrit/shiva/
http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Guru-Sishya_parampara
http://gurudevsdatta.blogspot.com/2012/03/advaita-guru-parampara-in-indian.html
In the Indian religious and philosophical traditions, all knowledge is traced back to the Gods and to the Rishis who saw the vedas. Thus, the advaita guru-paramparā (Lineage of Gurus in Non-dualism) begins with the Daiva-paramparā, followed by the Ṛṣi-paramparā, which includes the vedic seers Vaśiṣṭha, his son Śakti, his son Parāśara, his son Vyāsa, (the famous redactor of the vedas, he is also traditionally identified with Bādarāyaṇa, the composer of the Brahmasūtras), and Vyāsa's son Śuka. After Śuka, we turn to the Mānava-paramparā, which brings us to historical times and personalities.
It is the responsibility of every Guru to ensure that no student is deprived of knowledge where he is eligible and no student gains knowledge that he either does not qualify for or he is not mature enough to handle. After acquiring knowledge from the Guru, the disciple is supposed to repay him for the teaching in the form of Gurudakshina. That does not absolve him of the debt to the Guru. For that to happen he should do two things throughout his life: putting the knowledge to good use and getting good name for the teacher; and imparting and spreading the knowledge by teaching it to subsequent generations of students.
Siva/Vishnu are said to be the first teachers. Veda Vyasa is said to be the first human teacher, who is an incarnation of Vishnu himself. This is the reason his birth day is celebrated in remembrance of Gurus (Vyasa Purnima is called Guru Purnima). Usually, first guru in any lineage sets the goals and broadly gives paths to achieve those. (Lakshya Nirdesa) The subsequent ones define paths that suit the times, in a way that they lead to the goals set by the first teacher and are not in conflict with the philosophy of the tradition (Marga Nirdesa). Guru, the teacher Teacher is accorded highest respect, and is equated to God. Guru is treated with such high respect, because it is believed that he imparts that knowledge which cannot otherwise be gained through merely reading books. Guru is said to be worthy of such respect and unwavering trust of the disciple, since he takes the responsibility for molding the disciple into what he should be. The disciple that follows Guru's word with faith, is supposed to be assured of reaching the goals.
सदाशिवम समारम्भं शंकराचार्य मध्यमम अस्मद आचार्य पर्यन्तं वन्दे गुरु परम्पराम |
Meaning: salutation to the lineage starting with lord Sadasiva, with Adi Sankara in the middle and continuing up to my immediate teacher.
नारायणं समारम्भं व्यास शंकर मध्यमम अस्मद आचार्य पर्यन्तं वन्दे गुरु परम्पराम |
Meaning: salutation to the lineage starting with lord narayana, with Vyasa and Adi Sankara in the middle and continuing up to my immediate teacher.
नारायणं पद्मभुवं वसिष्ठं शक्तिं च तत्पुत्रपराशरं च ।
व्यासं शुकं गौडपदं महान्तं गोविन्दयोगीन्द्रमथास्य शिष्यम् ॥
श्री शंकराचार्यमथास्य पद्मपादं च हस्तामलकं च शिष्यम् ।
तं तोटकं वार्तिककारमन्यानस्मद्गुरून् संततमानतोऽस्मि ॥
शंकरं शंकराचार्यं केशवं बादरायणम् ।
सूत्रभाष्यकृतौ वन्दे भगवन्तौ पुनः पुनः ॥
गुरुर्ब्रह्मा गुरुर्विष्णु गुरुर्देवो महेश्वरः
गुरुर्देव परंब्रह्मः तस्मै श्री गुरवे नमः।
अज्ञानतिमिरांधस्य ज्ञानांजनशलाकया
चक्षुरौन्मीलितं येन तस्मै श्री गुरवे नमः।
अखण्डमण्डलाकारं व्याप्तं येन चराचरं
तदपदं दर्शितं येन तस्मै श्री गुरवे नमः।
https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_shiva/totaka8.html?lang=sa
https://sanskritdocuments.org/sanskrit/shiva/
http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Guru-Sishya_parampara
http://gurudevsdatta.blogspot.com/2012/03/advaita-guru-parampara-in-indian.html
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